馬曉河:鄉村振興的重點是人、錢、地
來源:未知 日期:2018-12-19 點擊:次
《鄉(xiang)村振(zhen)興(xing)戰略規劃(2018-2022)》,重(zhong)點就是要解決人(ren)的問(wen)題、錢的問(wen)題、地(di)的問(wen)題。
人(ren)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti),“去(qu)(qu)(qu)留(liu)(liu)引(yin)(yin)”三點(dian)。“去(qu)(qu)(qu)”,到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)哪里(li)去(qu)(qu)(qu)?“留(liu)(liu)”,怎么(me)留(liu)(liu)?“引(yin)(yin)”,怎么(me)引(yin)(yin)?當(dang)(dang)前最(zui)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)是(shi)“去(qu)(qu)(qu)”的(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。“去(qu)(qu)(qu)”的(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)怎么(me)辦?“去(qu)(qu)(qu)”,就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo)向(xiang)外轉(zhuan)移(yi),那么(me)向(xiang)外轉(zhuan)移(yi)當(dang)(dang)前有(you)個最(zui)大(da)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)二元結構,要(yao)(yao)(yao)必(bi)須有(you)計劃地逐漸地打(da)破,為農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)、為農(nong)(nong)業轉(zhuan)移(yi)人(ren)口(kou)市(shi)民(min)(min)化創造一定的(de)條(tiao)件。現(xian)在就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)"特(te)大(da)城(cheng)市(shi)嚴格控制(zhi),大(da)城(cheng)市(shi)合理確(que)定,中等(deng)城(cheng)市(shi)有(you)序,小城(cheng)市(shi)全(quan)面(mian)放開(kai)"。下一步可(ke)能(neng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)改革,除(chu)了(le)特(te)大(da)城(cheng)市(shi)之(zhi)外,特(te)別是(shi)中小城(cheng)市(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)放開(kai)條(tiao)件,降低落(luo)戶(hu)標準,鼓勵農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)進(jin)城(cheng)。第二,“留(liu)(liu)”的(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti),《鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興戰略(lve)規劃(2018-2022)》里(li)明確(que)強調,就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)培(pei)育現(xian)代職業農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)。這一塊兒(er)有(you)具體措施,比如說(shuo)今(jin)后(hou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)2020年(nian),國家(jia)培(pei)訓40萬個職業農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min),包(bao)括了(le)“星(xing)創計劃”。還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)培(pei)育導師,叫(jiao)做導師制(zhi)。40萬個農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min),作為種子(zi),星(xing)星(xing)之(zhi)火可(ke)以燎原了(le)。三,“引(yin)(yin)”,引(yin)(yin)進(jin),就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo)我們要(yao)(yao)(yao)鼓勵社會(hui)人(ren)才到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)去(qu)(qu)(qu)。各(ge)位一定要(yao)(yao)(yao)記(ji)住,未來最(zui)美好(hao)的(de)空間(jian)在農(nong)(nong)村(cun)。你到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)發達國家(jia)看,西方發達國家(jia)里(li)邊中產階級都不在城(cheng)里(li)待,都到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)城(cheng)市(shi)郊區(qu)、農(nong)(nong)村(cun)去(qu)(qu)(qu),真正的(de)中產階級和中高(gao)收入者(zhe)是(shi)住在鄉(xiang)村(cun)的(de)。所以說(shuo)怎么(me)去(qu)(qu)(qu)鼓勵城(cheng)里(li)人(ren)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)去(qu)(qu)(qu),要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)一套政策的(de)。
二(er)(er),錢,錢從哪兒來?首先是公(gong)(gong)共資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin),公(gong)(gong)共資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)怎(zen)么來?《鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興戰略規(gui)劃(2018-2022)》里(li)邊(bian)說得很明白,要(yao)(yao)建立(li)一(yi)個農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)優(you)先發展的(de)(de)投入(ru)機制,財政要(yao)(yao)保障資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin),財政資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)里(li)邊(bian)要(yao)(yao)優(you)先投入(ru)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)。第二(er)(er),要(yao)(yao)用政策吸引社會資(zi)(zi)本。第三(san),要(yao)(yao)有(you)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融支持。我們現在的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融要(yao)(yao)重點要(yao)(yao)轉向(xiang)支持農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)、鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興發展。最后一(yi)個,本次規(gui)劃強調要(yao)(yao)整(zheng)合農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin),我們調查過,當前(qian)用于農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)財政資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)大概有(you)17條線(xian),下面縣里(li)邊(bian)可以允許整(zheng)合,就把17條線(xian)的(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)整(zheng)合到一(yi)塊兒,優(you)先用于鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興。
最后一(yi)個(ge)(ge)是(shi)地(di)(di)的問(wen)題,地(di)(di)怎(zen)么辦?《鄉村振興戰略規劃(2018-2022)》里(li)邊提出(chu)要從要素變資本。三塊地(di)(di),就(jiu)是(shi)農村集體建設用地(di)(di)、宅基地(di)(di)、征地(di)(di),原則是(shi)要按照市(shi)場化(hua)方向改革。還有一(yi)個(ge)(ge)承包(bao)地(di)(di),承包(bao)地(di)(di)就(jiu)鼓勵流轉。