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韓楊:以農村電商打造農村經濟增長新引擎

來源:未知 日期:2019-01-16 點擊:

全面對接鄉村振興戰略中的“產業興旺、生態宜居、鄉風文明、治理有效、生活富裕”,促進城市和鄉村資源要素的雙向流動,初步形成農村電商新型業態,將農村電商滲透到鄉村的全面振興中。
 
   農村(cun)電(dian)商(shang)發展趨勢與主要特(te)征
 
   (一(yi))農村電(dian)商發展迅速(su),農產品網絡零售額高速(su)增長(chang)
   近(jin)(jin)年(nian)來(lai),農(nong)村電子商務蓬勃(bo)發展,2017年(nian),農(nong)村網絡(luo)零(ling)售(shou)(shou)額(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)突破萬(wan)(wan)億(yi),達到12488.8億(yi)元(yuan);農(nong)村網民規(gui)模達到2.09億(yi)人,農(nong)村互聯(lian)網普及率達到35.4%;農(nong)村網店985.6萬(wan)(wan)家,帶動就業2800萬(wan)(wan)人;農(nong)產品網絡(luo)零(ling)售(shou)(shou)額(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)2436.6億(yi)元(yuan),同比(bi)增(zeng)長53%左(zuo)右(you),占農(nong)村網絡(luo)零(ling)售(shou)(shou)額(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)近(jin)(jin)20%左(zuo)右(you);生鮮農(nong)產品網絡(luo)零(ling)售(shou)(shou)額(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)1418億(yi)元(yuan),同比(bi)增(zeng)長55%左(zuo)右(you),占農(nong)產品網絡(luo)零(ling)售(shou)(shou)額(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)的58%左(zuo)右(you)。
 
   (二)農(nong)村(cun)電商政策支持力度持續加大,市場秩序逐漸規范
   國(guo)家出(chu)臺(tai)了一(yi)系列支(zhi)持“電商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)”促進(jin)(jin)農業(ye)農村發(fa)展(zhan)的政策(ce)措施。2014—2018年連續五年中央一(yi)號文件(jian)均明確(que)提出(chu)發(fa)展(zhan)農村電子(zi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)。據(ju)不完(wan)全(quan)統計,國(guo)務(wu)院及各有關部委(wei)出(chu)臺(tai)多個文件(jian),制定一(yi)系列政策(ce)措施支(zhi)持“農業(ye)、農村”的道路(lu)交通、網絡寬帶、物流設(she)施、信息服務(wu)等基礎設(she)施建(jian)設(she),為電商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)在(zai)農業(ye)、農村發(fa)展(zhan)創造有利條件(jian)。推進(jin)(jin)了“電商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)”法(fa)制建(jian)設(she),逐步(bu)規范市場秩序。《食(shi)品安全(quan)法(fa)》《電子(zi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)法(fa)》明確(que)網絡食(shi)品安全(quan)管理責任(ren),推進(jin)(jin)了網上電子(zi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)務(wu)法(fa)規和(he)相關標準(zhun)建(jian)設(she),逐步(bu)營(ying)造良(liang)好(hao)營(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)環境。
 
   (三)農村電(dian)商催(cui)生新業態、新模(mo)式(shi),農村產業逐漸(jian)向(xiang)多元化(hua)發展
   農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)電(dian)商的(de)(de)迅(xun)速(su)(su)發展有利于緩(huan)解(jie)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)進(jin)(jin)城“最初(chu)一公(gong)里”難題(ti),為分(fen)散小農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)走進(jin)(jin)大市(shi)場(chang)拓寬(kuan)渠道(dao),打通“從農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田到(dao)餐(can)桌”的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)供給鏈;有利于緩(huan)解(jie)工(gong)業(ye)品(pin)、消費品(pin)下鄉(xiang)(xiang)“最后(hou)一公(gong)里”難題(ti),促進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)消費升級(ji)。一方(fang)面(mian),對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)支(zhi)撐(cheng)作用不斷(duan)增(zeng)強(qiang),帶動(dong)(dong)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)生產(chan)(chan)需(xu)要種子、化肥、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥、飼料等生產(chan)(chan)資(zi)料和(he)工(gong)具、生產(chan)(chan)工(gong)具直接進(jin)(jin)入田間(jian)地頭(tou)。另一方(fang)面(mian),通過(guo)電(dian)商平(ping)臺,帶動(dong)(dong)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)生活的(de)(de)日常(chang)消費品(pin)快速(su)(su)、便捷(jie)走進(jin)(jin)廣大農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)。有利于催生新業(ye)態(tai)、新模式(shi),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)逐(zhu)漸向多元化發展,如(ru)創意農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)、分(fen)享農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)、眾籌(chou)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)、休閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)、鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)旅游等,通過(guo)電(dian)商平(ping)臺將(jiang)特色農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)文化、鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)景色展示,不僅讓城市(shi)消費者更(geng)(geng)(geng)了解(jie)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)、更(geng)(geng)(geng)向往農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)、更(geng)(geng)(geng)信任農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)者,縮短城鄉(xiang)(xiang)差距,也極大帶動(dong)(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)脫(tuo)貧(pin),促進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)就業(ye)增(zeng)收(shou)。
 
   農村電商發展面臨的(de)主要(yao)問題(ti)與挑戰
   盡管近年(nian)來農(nong)村電(dian)(dian)商(shang)發展(zhan)迅速,取(qu)得較(jiao)好成效,但由于我國農(nong)村地域之(zhi)廣(guang),農(nong)村居民生活(huo)與農(nong)業(ye)生產的高度分散及規模小等(deng)多方面因(yin)素(su),農(nong)村電(dian)(dian)商(shang)發展(zhan)仍然面臨一些問題與挑戰,主要有以下(xia)五個方面。
 
   (一(yi))工(gong)強農(nong)弱,品類失衡,農(nong)產品上行(xing)和(he)工(gong)業品/消(xiao)費品下行(xing)差(cha)距(ju)大
   農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)上行占(zhan)比(bi)低,僅占(zhan)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)網(wang)絡零售額近20%左右;農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)網(wang)絡零售額占(zhan)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)流(liu)通總額比(bi)重不(bu)足1%,農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)觸(chu)網(wang)率仍(reng)然很低,農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)批發市場(chang)仍(reng)然是農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)流(liu)通的主渠道;消費品(pin)下行占(zhan)比(bi)高,如(ru)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)實(shi)物類產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)如(ru)服(fu)裝鞋包、家(jia)裝家(jia)飾、食品(pin)保健等,農(nong)(nong)村(cun)服(fu)務類產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)如(ru)在(zai)線(xian)旅游(you)、在(zai)線(xian)餐飲等。
 
   (二)東強西弱,物流(liu)配套(tao)不(bu)均,農產品(pin)物流(liu)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)高(gao),農產品(pin)上行(xing)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)高(gao)
   電商(shang)規(gui)模(mo)分(fen)布不均衡(heng),呈(cheng)現東強西弱(ruo)格局;物(wu)流分(fen)布不均衡(heng),在偏遠(yuan)地(di)區,行政村/自然(ran)村配(pei)(pei)送(song)網點(dian)仍然(ran)不健(jian)全(quan);配(pei)(pei)套(tao)設(she)施不健(jian)全(quan),冷鏈(lian)物(wu)流發展滯后,原產(chan)地(di)冷鏈(lian)的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)套(tao)基礎(chu)設(she)施建設(she)相(xiang)對不足;農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)物(wu)流成本(ben)高,由于我國(guo)農(nong)業(ye)小規(gui)模(mo)分(fen)散生產(chan)及農(nong)村居(ju)住分(fen)散的(de)(de)特征,單件產(chan)品(pin)快遞配(pei)(pei)送(song)從縣(xian)城到(dao)村之間(jian)的(de)(de)成本(ben)費用遠(yuan)高于縣(xian)城到(dao)大城市之間(jian)費用。
 
   (三)農村(cun)人才(cai)匱乏(fa),電(dian)商人才(cai)“難(nan)(nan)育、難(nan)(nan)引、難(nan)(nan)留”
   農(nong)(nong)(nong)村人才(cai)匱乏,我國農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)文化教育(yu)(yu)水(shui)平(ping)主要(yao)(yao)集(ji)中(zhong)在小學和初中(zhong),對于(yu)生產(chan)(chan)經營新理(li)念的認知、接受(shou)相對緩(huan)慢,對于(yu)新技術(shu)應用能(neng)力較弱,大多(duo)(duo)(duo)數(shu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)自身條(tiao)件很難(nan)滿足電(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)對人才(cai)的要(yao)(yao)求。農(nong)(nong)(nong)村電(dian)商(shang)人才(cai)“難(nan)育(yu)(yu)、難(nan)引、難(nan)留”,不少專業、有能(neng)力的優秀電(dian)商(shang)人才(cai)更多(duo)(duo)(duo)傾(qing)向于(yu)留在城(cheng)市發展(zhan),受(shou)工作環境與薪酬等(deng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)方面條(tiao)件限制,不愿意來到農(nong)(nong)(nong)村發展(zhan),伴隨著(zhu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村電(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)的蓬勃發展(zhan)將帶來大量農(nong)(nong)(nong)村電(dian)商(shang)人才(cai)的缺口。
 
   (四(si))農業生產經(jing)營高度(du)分散,農產品質量(liang)控制難、標準化程度(du)較低,難以達到(dao)農產品上行門檻
   一(yi)方面,我(wo)(wo)國(guo)有2億左右農(nong)業經營(ying)戶,其中規模經營(ying)戶不足400萬個,農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)高度(du)分(fen)散與(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營(ying)組織化程度(du)較(jiao)低,增加(jia)了農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)標(biao)準化和(he)質量控(kong)制難度(du)。另一(yi)方面,流(liu)通配套設施滯后,品(pin)控(kong)難度(du)大。我(wo)(wo)國(guo)果蔬、肉類、水產(chan)(chan)品(pin)冷(leng)鏈(lian)流(liu)通率(lv)(lv)和(he)冷(leng)鏈(lian)運輸(shu)率(lv)(lv)較(jiao)低,而(er)流(liu)通損(sun)耗(hao)較(jiao)高,冷(leng)鏈(lian)脫節造成生(sheng)鮮農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)從采摘到配送過(guo)程損(sun)耗(hao)過(guo)多(duo),無形中提(ti)高了物流(liu)成本(ben)且(qie)很(hen)難保證(zheng)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質和(he)質量安(an)全。分(fen)散小農(nong)戶由于缺乏質量相關認證(zheng)及農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)很(hen)難統一(yi)標(biao)準,比(bi)較(jiao)難達(da)到大型電商平(ping)臺(tai)準入條件。
   (五)農(nong)村電商模式(shi)趨同,上行農(nong)產品(pin)同質化嚴重,未(wei)能(neng)建立產業鏈利益聯結機制(zhi)
   農(nong)村電(dian)(dian)商(shang)模式趨同,主要以傳統(tong)的農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)上行(xing)(xing)(xing)、消費品(pin)(pin)下行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)主,以實物(wu)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)銷(xiao)售電(dian)(dian)商(shang)平臺(tai)居多(duo),提供社會化(hua)(hua)服務(wu)的電(dian)(dian)商(shang)平臺(tai)較少,還沒有(you)充分挖掘農(nong)村電(dian)(dian)商(shang)的多(duo)業(ye)(ye)態(tai)、多(duo)功能,沒有(you)完全滲(shen)透農(nong)業(ye)(ye)全產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian);上行(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)同質(zhi)化(hua)(hua)嚴重,同一區域同類農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)同質(zhi)化(hua)(hua)嚴重,電(dian)(dian)商(shang)協(xie)同不夠,很難實現(xian)同一農(nong)區的差別競(jing)爭、品(pin)(pin)牌提升(sheng),難實現(xian)優質(zhi)優價。同時,產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)利益(yi)聯結機制(zhi)不健全,產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)前端(duan)與(yu)中后端(duan)處于分割狀(zhuang)態(tai),農(nong)戶(hu)、規(gui)模大(da)戶(hu)、合作社+電(dian)(dian)商(shang)平臺(tai)的利益(yi)聯結機制(zhi)未能建(jian)立。
 
   以農村電商打造農村經濟增長新引擎,助力鄉村振興
   隨著信息技術向農(nong)業(ye)、農(nong)村(cun)(cun)領域(yu)滲透(tou),互(hu)聯(lian)網配(pei)套(tao)設施完善,互(hu)聯(lian)網在農(nong)村(cun)(cun)普及(ji)率將大(da)幅度提升(sheng),互(hu)聯(lian)網將逐步(bu)(bu)成為(wei)激勵農(nong)民(min)生產經營的(de)新工(gong)具,提升(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)組織化(hua)程度的(de)新平臺,促(cu)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)全面發展的(de)新載體。電(dian)子商(shang)務(wu)作為(wei)“互(hu)聯(lian)網+”的(de)重(zhong)要組成部分(fen),結合(he)面臨的(de)問題(ti)與挑戰,可以(yi)全面對(dui)接(jie)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)振興戰略中(zhong)的(de)“產業(ye)興旺、生態(tai)(tai)宜(yi)居(ju)、鄉(xiang)風文(wen)明(ming)、治理有效、生活富(fu)裕”,促(cu)進(jin)(jin)城市和(he)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)資源要素的(de)雙向流動,初(chu)步(bu)(bu)形成農(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)商(shang)新型業(ye)態(tai)(tai),將農(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)商(shang)滲透(tou)到鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)的(de)全面振興中(zhong)。
 
   第一,重(zhong)構(gou)農(nong)村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian),完善(shan)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)內(nei)各(ge)主體(ti)間的(de)利益(yi)(yi)聯結機制,建立線上(shang)線下結合、上(shang)行(xing)(xing)下行(xing)(xing)貫通(tong)(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)服(fu)務(wu)體(ti)系。推進電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)不僅僅與產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)的(de)產(chan)(chan)后市場銷售環(huan)節對接,還要(yao)將農(nong)資產(chan)(chan)品下行(xing)(xing)與社(she)(she)(she)會化服(fu)務(wu)體(ti)系提供科技、資金、信息等(deng)下沉到農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)產(chan)(chan)前、產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)環(huan)節,通(tong)(tong)過(guo)提升產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)效率逐步降低農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品物流成本(ben)和實現(xian)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)標準化,形成電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)在農(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)的(de)產(chan)(chan)前、產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)與產(chan)(chan)后的(de)功能互(hu)補、利益(yi)(yi)協同,推行(xing)(xing)“訂單收購+分紅”“農(nong)民(min)入股+保底收益(yi)(yi)+按(an)股分紅”等(deng)多種利益(yi)(yi)聯結方式,將廣(guang)大(da)分散的(de)小農(nong)戶通(tong)(tong)過(guo)合作(zuo)社(she)(she)(she)、協會等(deng)社(she)(she)(she)會化組織(zhi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)平臺形成利益(yi)(yi)聯結機制,促進鄉(xiang)村(cun)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)振(zhen)興。
 
   第二(er),充(chong)分挖掘(jue)鄉(xiang)村(cun)價值,盤活鄉(xiang)村(cun)資(zi)源,不僅要促進(jin)鄉(xiang)村(cun)一(yi)二(er)三產(chan)(chan)業(ye)融合發展(zhan),也(ye)要培育新產(chan)(chan)業(ye)、新業(ye)態(tai)(tai)(tai)。如依(yi)托產(chan)(chan)品(pin)類(lei)電(dian)商平(ping)(ping)臺,不僅要實(shi)現(xian)“特色(se)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)進(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)”和(he)“消費品(pin)下鄉(xiang)”,也(ye)要實(shi)現(xian)農(nong)業(ye)由農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)供給的(de)單一(yi)功能向(xiang)休閑、生態(tai)(tai)(tai)等(deng)多功能拓展(zhan),通過生態(tai)(tai)(tai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)挖掘(jue)鄉(xiang)村(cun)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)價值;依(yi)托服務類(lei)電(dian)商平(ping)(ping)臺,盤活現(xian)有鄉(xiang)鎮、鄉(xiang)村(cun)資(zi)源,將綠水青山(shan)等(deng)特色(se)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)資(zi)源要素通過電(dian)商平(ping)(ping)臺在線展(zhan)示,不僅有助于(yu)提(ti)升農(nong)村(cun)居民在農(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)和(he)農(nong)村(cun)生活中的(de)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)環保意識(shi),也(ye)有助于(yu)與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)消費需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)精準(zhun)對接,與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)功能形成互補(bu),從而進(jin)一(yi)步刺激以(yi)資(zi)源、生態(tai)(tai)(tai)為(wei)依(yi)托的(de)農(nong)村(cun)經(jing)濟增長(chang),打造鄉(xiang)村(cun)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)宜居的(de)美麗鄉(xiang)村(cun),促進(jin)鄉(xiang)村(cun)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)振興。
 
   第三,向鄉(xiang)村(cun)傳播新知(zhi)識、新技能(neng),既要引進人(ren)才,也要培(pei)養人(ren)才。利用(yong)農(nong)村(cun)電(dian)商平臺,培(pei)育知(zhi)識型、技能(neng)型、創新型的(de)(de)(de)新型職業(ye)(ye)農(nong)民;吸引智力、技術(shu)、管理下(xia)鄉(xiang)及(ji)能(neng)人(ren)返鄉(xiang)創業(ye)(ye),打造農(nong)村(cun)專業(ye)(ye)人(ren)才隊伍;結合市場(chang)需求(qiu),培(pei)養一批具有互聯網思維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)新農(nong)人(ren),轉換(huan)傳統農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產由(you)增(zeng)產轉向提(ti)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)思維(wei)(wei),提(ti)升小農(nong)戶的(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)意識,促進鄉(xiang)村(cun)人(ren)才振(zhen)興。
 
   第(di)四(si),拓寬(kuan)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居民的知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)(bo)渠道,促進鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)文(wen)明的傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)和發展。利(li)用農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電商(shang)平(ping)臺(tai),加快信(xin)息快速(su)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)(bo),讓城市與農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)快速(su)連接,縮小城鄉(xiang)(xiang)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)信(xin)息傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)(bo)差距(ju),讓科學、技術、知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)、文(wen)化(hua)快速(su)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)(bo)到(dao)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun),利(li)于提高(gao)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居民知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)文(wen)化(hua)水平(ping),同時,也將良好的鄉(xiang)(xiang)風、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)文(wen)化(hua)通過(guo)互(hu)聯(lian)網平(ping)臺(tai)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)(bo)、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)并(bing)發揚光(guang)大,促進鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)文(wen)化(hua)振興。
 
   第五(wu),拓(tuo)展農村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)平臺功(gong)能(neng)與政(zheng)府職能(neng)結合,探索鄉(xiang)村(cun)治(zhi)(zhi)理新機制,提(ti)升鄉(xiang)村(cun)治(zhi)(zhi)理效(xiao)率(lv),振(zhen)興(xing)鄉(xiang)村(cun)組織。依托上級政(zheng)府部門搭(da)建互(hu)聯網(wang)平臺與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)功(gong)能(neng)結合或通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)平臺提(ti)供額外公共服務(wu)(wu),拓(tuo)展基層政(zheng)府政(zheng)務(wu)(wu)信息功(gong)能(neng),打造包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子商(shang)務(wu)(wu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子政(zheng)務(wu)(wu)、村(cun)務(wu)(wu)公開、“三(san)農”服務(wu)(wu)、特色(se)產品、閑置勞(lao)動力(li)、生活服務(wu)(wu)等多功(gong)能(neng)平臺,加強(qiang)村(cun)民聯絡(luo),完善鄉(xiang)村(cun)公共服務(wu)(wu)內容,提(ti)升效(xiao)率(lv),而(er)且促進了村(cun)民共治(zhi)(zhi),為鄉(xiang)村(cun)治(zhi)(zhi)理探索新途徑(jing),促進組織振(zhen)興(xing)。

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韓楊:以農村電商打造農村經濟增長新引擎

2019-01-16 來源:未知 點擊:

全面對接鄉村振興戰略中的“產業興旺、生態宜居、鄉風文明、治理有效、生活富裕”,促進城市和鄉村資源要素的雙向流動,初步形成農村電商新型業態,將農村電商滲透到鄉村的全面振興中。
 
   農村電商發展(zhan)趨勢(shi)與主要特征(zheng)
 
   (一)農(nong)(nong)村電(dian)商發展迅(xun)速,農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)網(wang)絡零售(shou)額高速增長(chang)
   近年(nian)來,農(nong)(nong)村(cun)電(dian)子商務蓬勃發展(zhan),2017年(nian),農(nong)(nong)村(cun)網絡(luo)(luo)(luo)零售(shou)額(e)(e)突破萬億(yi)(yi),達(da)到(dao)12488.8億(yi)(yi)元;農(nong)(nong)村(cun)網民規模達(da)到(dao)2.09億(yi)(yi)人(ren),農(nong)(nong)村(cun)互(hu)聯網普及率達(da)到(dao)35.4%;農(nong)(nong)村(cun)網店985.6萬家,帶(dai)動就業2800萬人(ren);農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品網絡(luo)(luo)(luo)零售(shou)額(e)(e)2436.6億(yi)(yi)元,同比增長53%左(zuo)右,占(zhan)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)網絡(luo)(luo)(luo)零售(shou)額(e)(e)近20%左(zuo)右;生(sheng)鮮農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品網絡(luo)(luo)(luo)零售(shou)額(e)(e)1418億(yi)(yi)元,同比增長55%左(zuo)右,占(zhan)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品網絡(luo)(luo)(luo)零售(shou)額(e)(e)的58%左(zuo)右。
 
   (二)農(nong)村(cun)電商政(zheng)策支(zhi)持力度持續加(jia)大(da),市(shi)場秩序逐漸規范
   國家出(chu)臺了一(yi)系列支(zhi)持“電(dian)商(shang)”促進(jin)農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村(cun)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)政策(ce)措施(shi)。2014—2018年(nian)連續(xu)五年(nian)中央一(yi)號文件(jian)均明確提出(chu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)村(cun)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)商(shang)務(wu)。據不完全統計,國務(wu)院及各有(you)關部委出(chu)臺多個(ge)文件(jian),制定一(yi)系列政策(ce)措施(shi)支(zhi)持“農(nong)業(ye)、農(nong)村(cun)”的(de)道路交通、網絡寬(kuan)帶、物流設施(shi)、信息服務(wu)等基礎設施(shi)建(jian)設,為(wei)電(dian)商(shang)在(zai)農(nong)業(ye)、農(nong)村(cun)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)創造有(you)利條(tiao)件(jian)。推進(jin)了“電(dian)商(shang)”法(fa)制建(jian)設,逐(zhu)步規范(fan)市場(chang)秩序。《食(shi)品安全法(fa)》《電(dian)子(zi)(zi)商(shang)務(wu)法(fa)》明確網絡食(shi)品安全管理(li)責(ze)任(ren),推進(jin)了網上電(dian)子(zi)(zi)商(shang)務(wu)法(fa)規和相(xiang)關標準建(jian)設,逐(zhu)步營(ying)造良好營(ying)商(shang)環境。
 
   (三(san))農村(cun)電商催(cui)生新業態、新模式,農村(cun)產業逐(zhu)漸向多元化發展
   農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)電商(shang)的(de)(de)迅(xun)速發(fa)展有利(li)于(yu)緩(huan)解(jie)(jie)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)進(jin)城“最初一公里(li)(li)”難(nan)題(ti),為分(fen)散小農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)走進(jin)大市(shi)場(chang)拓寬渠道,打通(tong)“從農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)到(dao)餐桌”的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)供給鏈;有利(li)于(yu)緩(huan)解(jie)(jie)工(gong)(gong)業品(pin)、消(xiao)費(fei)品(pin)下鄉(xiang)(xiang)“最后(hou)一公里(li)(li)”難(nan)題(ti),促(cu)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)消(xiao)費(fei)升級(ji)。一方(fang)面,對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)支撐(cheng)作(zuo)用不(bu)斷增(zeng)強,帶動(dong)了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)需要種(zhong)子、化肥、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥、飼料等生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)料和工(gong)(gong)具(ju)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)直接進(jin)入田(tian)間(jian)地頭。另一方(fang)面,通(tong)過(guo)電商(shang)平臺,帶動(dong)了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民生(sheng)(sheng)活的(de)(de)日(ri)常消(xiao)費(fei)品(pin)快速、便捷走進(jin)廣大農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)。有利(li)于(yu)催生(sheng)(sheng)新業態、新模式,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業逐漸向(xiang)(xiang)多元化發(fa)展,如創(chuang)意農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業、分(fen)享農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業、眾(zhong)籌農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業、休(xiu)閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業、鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)旅游等,通(tong)過(guo)電商(shang)平臺將特(te)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)、鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文化、鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)景色展示(shi),不(bu)僅讓城市(shi)消(xiao)費(fei)者更(geng)(geng)了(le)解(jie)(jie)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業、更(geng)(geng)向(xiang)(xiang)往農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、更(geng)(geng)信任(ren)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)者,縮短城鄉(xiang)(xiang)差距,也極大帶動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民脫貧,促(cu)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民就(jiu)業增(zeng)收。
 
   農(nong)村電(dian)商發展面臨的主要問題與挑戰
   盡管近年來農(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)商(shang)發展迅速,取得較好(hao)成效,但由于(yu)我國農(nong)村(cun)(cun)地域之廣,農(nong)村(cun)(cun)居民生活與(yu)(yu)農(nong)業(ye)生產的高度分(fen)散及(ji)規模小等多方面(mian)因素,農(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)商(shang)發展仍然面(mian)臨一些問(wen)題與(yu)(yu)挑戰,主要有以下五(wu)個方面(mian)。
 
   (一)工(gong)強(qiang)農弱,品類失衡,農產品上行和工(gong)業(ye)品/消費品下行差距大(da)
   農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)上行占(zhan)比低(di),僅(jin)占(zhan)農村(cun)網(wang)絡零售額近20%左右;農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)網(wang)絡零售額占(zhan)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)流通(tong)總額比重(zhong)不(bu)足1%,農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)觸網(wang)率仍然很(hen)低(di),農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)批發市(shi)場仍然是(shi)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)流通(tong)的主(zhu)渠(qu)道;消費品(pin)(pin)下行占(zhan)比高,如農村(cun)實物類產(chan)品(pin)(pin)如服(fu)(fu)裝鞋(xie)包、家裝家飾、食(shi)品(pin)(pin)保健(jian)等,農村(cun)服(fu)(fu)務類產(chan)品(pin)(pin)如在(zai)線旅游、在(zai)線餐飲等。
 
   (二)東強西弱,物(wu)流(liu)配套不(bu)均,農(nong)(nong)產品物(wu)流(liu)成本(ben)高(gao),農(nong)(nong)產品上行成本(ben)高(gao)
   電商規模分(fen)布不(bu)均衡(heng),呈(cheng)現東強西弱格(ge)局;物流分(fen)布不(bu)均衡(heng),在偏遠地區,行(xing)政村/自然(ran)村配送網點(dian)仍(reng)然(ran)不(bu)健全(quan);配套設施不(bu)健全(quan),冷鏈物流發(fa)展滯(zhi)后(hou),原(yuan)產地冷鏈的配套基礎設施建(jian)設相(xiang)對不(bu)足;農(nong)產品物流成(cheng)本高,由于我國(guo)農(nong)業小規模分(fen)散(san)(san)生產及(ji)農(nong)村居住分(fen)散(san)(san)的特征,單(dan)件產品快(kuai)遞配送從縣城(cheng)到(dao)村之(zhi)間的成(cheng)本費(fei)用遠高于縣城(cheng)到(dao)大城(cheng)市之(zhi)間費(fei)用。
 
   (三)農(nong)村人(ren)才匱(kui)乏,電商(shang)人(ren)才“難(nan)育、難(nan)引、難(nan)留”
   農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)人才(cai)匱(kui)乏,我國農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產者文化教育(yu)水平主(zhu)要集中在(zai)(zai)小學和初中,對(dui)于生(sheng)產經營新(xin)理念的(de)認知、接受(shou)相對(dui)緩(huan)慢,對(dui)于新(xin)技術應用能力較(jiao)弱,大多(duo)數(shu)農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產者自(zi)身(shen)條(tiao)件很難滿(man)足電(dian)子(zi)商務對(dui)人才(cai)的(de)要求。農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)商人才(cai)“難育(yu)、難引、難留”,不少(shao)專業、有能力的(de)優秀電(dian)商人才(cai)更多(duo)傾向(xiang)于留在(zai)(zai)城市發展,受(shou)工作環(huan)境(jing)與薪酬(chou)等多(duo)方面(mian)條(tiao)件限制(zhi),不愿意來到農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)發展,伴隨著農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)子(zi)商務的(de)蓬勃發展將帶來大量農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)商人才(cai)的(de)缺口。
 
   (四)農(nong)業生產經營高度分散,農(nong)產品質(zhi)量控(kong)制難、標準化程度較(jiao)低,難以達到(dao)農(nong)產品上行門檻
   一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面,我國(guo)有2億左右(you)農業(ye)經營(ying)戶,其(qi)中規(gui)模經營(ying)戶不足(zu)400萬個,農業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)高(gao)度(du)分散與生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經營(ying)組(zu)織化(hua)程度(du)較低,增加了農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)標(biao)準化(hua)和質(zhi)(zhi)量控制(zhi)難(nan)(nan)度(du)。另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面,流通(tong)(tong)配套設(she)施滯后,品(pin)(pin)控難(nan)(nan)度(du)大(da)。我國(guo)果蔬(shu)、肉(rou)類(lei)、水產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)冷(leng)鏈流通(tong)(tong)率和冷(leng)鏈運(yun)輸(shu)率較低,而流通(tong)(tong)損耗較高(gao),冷(leng)鏈脫節(jie)造(zao)成(cheng)生(sheng)鮮農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)從(cong)采摘(zhai)到配送過(guo)程損耗過(guo)多(duo),無形中提(ti)高(gao)了物流成(cheng)本且很(hen)難(nan)(nan)保證產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)和質(zhi)(zhi)量安全。分散小(xiao)農戶由(you)于缺(que)乏質(zhi)(zhi)量相關(guan)認證及農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)很(hen)難(nan)(nan)統一(yi)(yi)標(biao)準,比較難(nan)(nan)達(da)到大(da)型電商平臺準入條(tiao)件(jian)。
   (五)農村電商模式趨(qu)同(tong),上(shang)行農產品同(tong)質(zhi)化(hua)嚴重,未能建立(li)產業(ye)鏈利益聯(lian)結(jie)機制
   農(nong)(nong)村電(dian)(dian)商(shang)模式(shi)趨(qu)同(tong)(tong),主要以傳(chuan)統(tong)的農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)上(shang)行(xing)(xing)、消費(fei)品(pin)下行(xing)(xing)為主,以實物產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)銷售電(dian)(dian)商(shang)平臺(tai)居多,提(ti)供社(she)會化服務的電(dian)(dian)商(shang)平臺(tai)較少(shao),還(huan)沒有(you)充分挖掘農(nong)(nong)村電(dian)(dian)商(shang)的多業(ye)態、多功能,沒有(you)完全(quan)滲透農(nong)(nong)業(ye)全(quan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian);上(shang)行(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)同(tong)(tong)質(zhi)化嚴重(zhong),同(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)區域同(tong)(tong)類(lei)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)同(tong)(tong)質(zhi)化嚴重(zhong),電(dian)(dian)商(shang)協同(tong)(tong)不夠,很(hen)難實現(xian)同(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)區的差(cha)別(bie)競爭、品(pin)牌提(ti)升(sheng),難實現(xian)優質(zhi)優價(jia)。同(tong)(tong)時,產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)利益聯結機制(zhi)不健全(quan),產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)前端與中后端處(chu)于分割狀態,農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)、規模大戶(hu)、合作社(she)+電(dian)(dian)商(shang)平臺(tai)的利益聯結機制(zhi)未能建立(li)。
 
   以農村電商打造農村經濟增長新引擎,助力鄉村振興
   隨著信息技術向農(nong)(nong)業(ye)、農(nong)(nong)村(cun)領域滲透,互聯(lian)(lian)網配套設施完善,互聯(lian)(lian)網在(zai)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)普(pu)及率將(jiang)大幅度提升(sheng),互聯(lian)(lian)網將(jiang)逐步(bu)(bu)成(cheng)為激勵(li)農(nong)(nong)民(min)生(sheng)產經營的(de)新(xin)(xin)工具,提升(sheng)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)組(zu)織化程度的(de)新(xin)(xin)平臺,促(cu)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)全面(mian)(mian)發展的(de)新(xin)(xin)載(zai)體。電子商務(wu)作為“互聯(lian)(lian)網+”的(de)重要組(zu)成(cheng)部分,結合面(mian)(mian)臨的(de)問題與挑戰(zhan),可(ke)以全面(mian)(mian)對接(jie)鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興(xing)戰(zhan)略中的(de)“產業(ye)興(xing)旺、生(sheng)態宜居、鄉(xiang)風文明(ming)、治理有效、生(sheng)活(huo)富裕”,促(cu)進(jin)城市和鄉(xiang)村(cun)資源要素的(de)雙(shuang)向流動(dong),初步(bu)(bu)形成(cheng)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)電商新(xin)(xin)型業(ye)態,將(jiang)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)電商滲透到(dao)鄉(xiang)村(cun)的(de)全面(mian)(mian)振興(xing)中。
 
   第一,重(zhong)構農村電(dian)商(shang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian),完(wan)善產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)內各主體間的(de)利(li)益(yi)聯(lian)(lian)結(jie)機制(zhi),建立(li)線上線下(xia)結(jie)合(he)、上行(xing)(xing)(xing)下(xia)行(xing)(xing)(xing)貫通(tong)的(de)電(dian)商(shang)服務體系。推進電(dian)商(shang)不僅僅與(yu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)后市(shi)場銷售(shou)環節對(dui)接,還要將(jiang)農資(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)下(xia)行(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)社會化(hua)服務體系提(ti)供(gong)科技、資(zi)金、信(xin)息等下(xia)沉(chen)到農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)前、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中環節,通(tong)過(guo)提(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)效率逐步(bu)降低農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)物流成(cheng)(cheng)本和實現農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)標(biao)準化(hua),形成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)商(shang)在(zai)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)前、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中與(yu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)后的(de)功(gong)能互補(bu)、利(li)益(yi)協同(tong),推行(xing)(xing)(xing)“訂單收購(gou)+分紅”“農民入股+保底收益(yi)+按股分紅”等多種利(li)益(yi)聯(lian)(lian)結(jie)方式(shi),將(jiang)廣大分散的(de)小(xiao)農戶通(tong)過(guo)合(he)作(zuo)社、協會等社會化(hua)組(zu)織與(yu)電(dian)商(shang)平臺(tai)形成(cheng)(cheng)利(li)益(yi)聯(lian)(lian)結(jie)機制(zhi),促進鄉村產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)振興(xing)。
 
   第二,充分挖(wa)掘(jue)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)價值(zhi),盤活鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan),不僅(jin)(jin)要促進(jin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)一(yi)二三產(chan)業(ye)融合發展(zhan),也(ye)要培育新(xin)產(chan)業(ye)、新(xin)業(ye)態(tai)(tai)。如依托產(chan)品(pin)類電(dian)商平臺,不僅(jin)(jin)要實(shi)現(xian)“特色農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)進(jin)城”和“消費(fei)(fei)品(pin)下鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”,也(ye)要實(shi)現(xian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)由農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)供(gong)給(gei)的單(dan)一(yi)功能(neng)向休閑、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)等多功能(neng)拓展(zhan),通過生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)挖(wa)掘(jue)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)價值(zhi);依托服(fu)務類電(dian)商平臺,盤活現(xian)有(you)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)、鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan),將綠水青山等特色生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)要素通過電(dian)商平臺在線展(zhan)示,不僅(jin)(jin)有(you)助于(yu)提升(sheng)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居民在農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)和農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活中(zhong)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環保(bao)意(yi)識,也(ye)有(you)助于(yu)與城市(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)消費(fei)(fei)需求的精準對接,與城市(shi)功能(neng)形成(cheng)互補,從(cong)而(er)進(jin)一(yi)步刺激以資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)為依托的農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經濟增(zeng)長,打造(zao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)宜居的美麗鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun),促進(jin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)振(zhen)興(xing)。
 
   第(di)三,向(xiang)鄉(xiang)村傳(chuan)播新知識、新技(ji)能(neng),既要(yao)引進(jin)人(ren)(ren)才,也要(yao)培(pei)(pei)養人(ren)(ren)才。利用農(nong)村電商平(ping)臺,培(pei)(pei)育知識型、技(ji)能(neng)型、創新型的(de)新型職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)民(min);吸引智力(li)、技(ji)術、管(guan)理(li)下鄉(xiang)及(ji)能(neng)人(ren)(ren)返鄉(xiang)創業(ye)(ye),打造農(nong)村專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)才隊伍;結(jie)合市(shi)場需求,培(pei)(pei)養一批具(ju)有互聯(lian)網思維的(de)新農(nong)人(ren)(ren),轉換傳(chuan)統(tong)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)由增產(chan)轉向(xiang)提質(zhi)的(de)思維,提升小農(nong)戶的(de)市(shi)場意識,促進(jin)鄉(xiang)村人(ren)(ren)才振(zhen)興(xing)。
 
   第四,拓寬農(nong)村(cun)(cun)居(ju)民的(de)知(zhi)識傳(chuan)播(bo)渠(qu)道(dao),促(cu)進(jin)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明的(de)傳(chuan)承和發展。利用農(nong)村(cun)(cun)電商平臺,加快(kuai)(kuai)信(xin)息快(kuai)(kuai)速傳(chuan)播(bo),讓城市與農(nong)村(cun)(cun)快(kuai)(kuai)速連接,縮小城鄉(xiang)知(zhi)識信(xin)息傳(chuan)播(bo)差距,讓科(ke)學、技術、知(zhi)識、文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)快(kuai)(kuai)速傳(chuan)播(bo)到農(nong)村(cun)(cun),利于提高農(nong)村(cun)(cun)居(ju)民知(zhi)識文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)平,同時,也將(jiang)良好的(de)鄉(xiang)風、傳(chuan)統鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)通過互聯網(wang)平臺傳(chuan)播(bo)、傳(chuan)承并發揚(yang)光大,促(cu)進(jin)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)振興(xing)。
 
   第(di)五(wu),拓展農村(cun)電(dian)商平臺功能與(yu)政(zheng)(zheng)府職能結(jie)合,探索鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)新機制(zhi),提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)效(xiao)(xiao)率,振(zhen)興(xing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)組(zu)織。依(yi)托(tuo)上級政(zheng)(zheng)府部門搭建互聯網平臺與(yu)電(dian)商功能結(jie)合或通過電(dian)商平臺提(ti)(ti)供(gong)額(e)外公(gong)(gong)共服(fu)務,拓展基(ji)層政(zheng)(zheng)府政(zheng)(zheng)務信息功能,打造包括(kuo)電(dian)子(zi)商務、電(dian)子(zi)政(zheng)(zheng)務、村(cun)務公(gong)(gong)開、“三農”服(fu)務、特(te)色產品、閑置勞(lao)動力、生活(huo)服(fu)務等(deng)多(duo)功能平臺,加強村(cun)民聯絡,完善鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)公(gong)(gong)共服(fu)務內容,提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)效(xiao)(xiao)率,而(er)且(qie)促進(jin)了村(cun)民共治(zhi)(zhi),為鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)探索新途徑,促進(jin)組(zu)織振(zhen)興(xing)。