馬曉河 涂圣偉:實現農民富、農業強、農村美的路線圖
來源：未知 日期：2019-01-15 點擊：次
重農固本，安民之基。黨的十九大報告提出按照“產業興旺、生態宜居、鄉風文明、治理有效、生活富裕”的總要求，實施鄉村振興戰略。不久前，《鄉村振興戰略規劃（2018—2022年）》印發，對實施鄉村振興戰略做出了階段性謀劃和安排。這對有序推進鄉村振興，推動農業全面升級、農村全面進步、農民全面發展，具有重要指導意義。
推進鄉村振(zhen)興戰略的重大(da)背景
實現“兩個(ge)一百年”奮斗(dou)目(mu)標，最(zui)(zui)(zui)艱(jian)巨(ju)最(zui)(zui)(zui)繁重的(de)任務(wu)在(zai)(zai)農(nong)村，最(zui)(zui)(zui)廣泛最(zui)(zui)(zui)深厚(hou)的(de)基礎(chu)在(zai)(zai)農(nong)村，最(zui)(zui)(zui)大的(de)潛(qian)力和(he)后勁也(ye)在(zai)(zai)農(nong)村。改革開(kai)放(fang)以來(lai)，我(wo)國農(nong)業農(nong)村發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)取(qu)得了舉世矚(zhu)目(mu)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)成就，農(nong)業現代(dai)化進(jin)(jin)程不斷加(jia)快，農(nong)業綜(zong)合(he)生產(chan)(chan)能力持續提(ti)高，糧食以及主要農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品供給(gei)能力大大增強；農(nong)村基礎(chu)設施建設和(he)公共服務(wu)供給(gei)達到(dao)新水(shui)平(ping)，農(nong)民的(de)居(ju)住(zhu)生活環(huan)境、養老、醫(yi)療衛生、教育、文化等(deng)社會事業快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，城(cheng)鄉(xiang)收入(ru)(ru)相(xiang)對差距縮(suo)小，農(nong)民收入(ru)(ru)和(he)生活水(shui)平(ping)顯(xian)著提(ti)高，貧(pin)困人(ren)口大幅度(du)減(jian)少(shao)。同時，新型城(cheng)鎮化快步推(tui)進(jin)(jin)，農(nong)業轉(zhuan)移人(ren)口市民化進(jin)(jin)程好于預期，城(cheng)鄉(xiang)融合(he)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)態勢向好。所有這些都為實施鄉(xiang)村振(zhen)興戰略(lve)提(ti)供了堅(jian)實的(de)基礎(chu)條(tiao)件。
但是，還(huan)必(bi)須(xu)看(kan)(kan)到(dao)，我(wo)國人(ren)民(min)日益增長的(de)美好生(sheng)(sheng)活需要(yao)和不(bu)平(ping)衡不(bu)充(chong)分的(de)發展(zhan)之間的(de)矛盾在(zai)鄉(xiang)村最(zui)為突出，我(wo)國仍處于并(bing)將長期處于社會主義初級階段的(de)特征(zheng)很大程度上(shang)表現(xian)在(zai)鄉(xiang)村。從城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)關系(xi)看(kan)(kan)，影響城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)融合發展(zhan)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)二元體制(zhi)改(gai)革還(huan)沒(mei)有完全(quan)突破。在(zai)現(xian)有體制(zhi)下，城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)要(yao)素流動不(bu)暢，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)轉移人(ren)口市民(min)化(hua)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)受限；農(nong)(nong)村發展(zhan)相(xiang)對緩慢，城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)居民(min)收入和消費差距依然較(jiao)(jiao)大；農(nong)(nong)村基(ji)礎設施建(jian)設比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)落后，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)活生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境需要(yao)改(gai)善(shan)；公共(gong)服務供(gong)給(gei)不(bu)足、質(zhi)(zhi)量不(bu)優，農(nong)(nong)民(min)養老、看(kan)(kan)病等(deng)方面與城(cheng)(cheng)市存在(zai)較(jiao)(jiao)大差距。從工農(nong)(nong)關系(xi)上(shang)看(kan)(kan)，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現(xian)代化(hua)滯后于工業(ye)(ye)化(hua)，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)物質(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術裝(zhuang)備水(shui)平(ping)還(huan)不(bu)高，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)與非(fei)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)勞動生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)率(lv)差距較(jiao)(jiao)大，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品的(de)國際競爭力(li)在(zai)下降，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)可持續發展(zhan)受到(dao)一定挑戰(zhan)。從社會結構轉型和治理看(kan)(kan)，農(nong)(nong)村“空(kong)心化(hua)”、老齡化(hua)現(xian)象嚴重(zhong)，鄉(xiang)村基(ji)層治理體系(xi)還(huan)不(bu)完善(shan)、不(bu)健全(quan)，等(deng)等(deng)。
實施鄉村振興戰略規劃，就是要適應新時代社會主要矛盾的變化，針對城鄉發展不平衡、農業農村發展不充分問題，集聚共識和力量，明確目標，促進農業農村優先發展和實現全面提升。
實施(shi)鄉(xiang)村振興(xing)戰略的重要路(lu)徑
鄉(xiang)村興則農業穩。鄉(xiang)村振興是篇大文(wen)章(zhang)，也是一項長期的歷史性任(ren)務。一分(fen)部署、九分(fen)落(luo)實。我(wo)們(men)要充分(fen)認(ren)識鄉(xiang)村振興的長期性、艱巨性，保持歷史耐心，準確聚焦階段任(ren)務，科學把握節奏(zou)力度，抓準、抓好(hao)戰略重(zhong)點。
構(gou)建(jian)鄉村(cun)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體系是(shi)重點(dian)。產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)興，百業(ye)(ye)(ye)興。只有(you)(you)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)興旺(wang),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)生產(chan)(chan)力(li)得到充分發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，鄉村(cun)各(ge)項(xiang)事業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)才有(you)(you)堅實(shi)的(de)(de)物質(zhi)基礎。黨(dang)的(de)(de)十(shi)八大以(yi)來，我(wo)國鄉村(cun)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)取(qu)得歷(li)史性(xing)(xing)成就，但產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)依(yi)然是(shi)鄉村(cun)振興的(de)(de)弱項(xiang)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)供(gong)給(gei)體系的(de)(de)整(zheng)體質(zhi)量和效率不高(gao)。推進(jin)鄉村(cun)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)興旺(wang)，關鍵(jian)要緊緊圍繞發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye),圍繞農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)一(yi)二三產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融合(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),構(gou)建(jian)鄉村(cun)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體系。一(yi)方面(mian)，要加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)步(bu)伐。要以(yi)深化(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)供(gong)給(gei)側結構(gou)性(xing)(xing)改革為主線，構(gou)建(jian)現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體系、生產(chan)(chan)體系、經營體系，既(ji)要“夯(hang)基礎”，提高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綜合(he)生產(chan)(chan)能力(li)，保障(zhang)國家糧(liang)食安(an)全和重要農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)有(you)(you)效供(gong)給(gei)；也要“促轉型”，加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結構(gou)調整(zheng)，提高(gao)集(ji)約化(hua)(hua)、專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)、組織化(hua)(hua)、社會化(hua)(hua)水(shui)平；還要“強(qiang)支撐”，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)科(ke)技和政策支撐作用，加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)技進(jin)步(bu)。另(ling)一(yi)方面(mian)，要發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)壯(zhuang)大鄉村(cun)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，推動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)深度融合(he)。要以(yi)制度、技術和商業(ye)(ye)(ye)模(mo)式(shi)創新(xin)(xin)為動力(li)，發(fa)(fa)掘新(xin)(xin)功能新(xin)(xin)價值，培育新(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)新(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)態，打造新(xin)(xin)載體新(xin)(xin)模(mo)式(shi)。此(ci)外，還要優化(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)創新(xin)(xin)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)環境，充分激發(fa)(fa)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)創新(xin)(xin)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)活力(li)。
建設(she)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)宜居(ju)的美麗(li)鄉村(cun)是關(guan)鍵。良好生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)是農(nong)村(cun)最(zui)大優勢和寶貴財(cai)富。近年來，我國鄉村(cun)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)展不斷取得新進展，但鄉村(cun)環(huan)境(jing)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)問題仍很突出。實(shi)施鄉村(cun)振興戰(zhan)略，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)以綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)展引(yin)領美麗(li)鄉村(cun)建設(she)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)牢固(gu)樹(shu)立和踐行“綠(lv)(lv)水(shui)青山(shan)就(jiu)是金山(shan)銀山(shan)”的理念，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)“三個系(xi)統”綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)健(jian)康發(fa)展。推(tui)(tui)進生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產系(xi)統綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)展，重(zhong)點(dian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)形成農(nong)業綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產方式，提高農(nong)業可持(chi)(chi)(chi)續發(fa)展能(neng)力(li)。推(tui)(tui)進生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活系(xi)統綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)化，要(yao)(yao)(yao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)續改善(shan)(shan)農(nong)村(cun)人居(ju)環(huan)境(jing)，完(wan)善(shan)(shan)農(nong)村(cun)環(huan)境(jing)設(she)施，確保(bao)整治持(chi)(chi)(chi)久(jiu)有效(xiao)。推(tui)(tui)進生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)穩定，既要(yao)(yao)(yao)加強鄉村(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)與(yu)修(xiu)復(fu)，完(wan)善(shan)(shan)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統保(bao)護(hu)制(zhi)度，守(shou)護(hu)好青山(shan)綠(lv)(lv)水(shui)，也(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)正確處(chu)理開發(fa)與(yu)保(bao)護(hu)的關(guan)系(xi)，發(fa)揮自(zi)然資源多重(zhong)效(xiao)益。
繁榮(rong)發(fa)展(zhan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是保(bao)障。優秀(xiu)的(de)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)能提振農(nong)(nong)民精氣神，增(zeng)強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)民凝聚力，孕育良好的(de)社(she)會(hui)風(feng)尚。繁榮(rong)發(fa)展(zhan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，重(zhong)點要抓好思想引領(ling)、文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)傳(chuan)承(cheng)和(he)(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)體(ti)系(xi)建設(she)。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)思想引領(ling)，要突出(chu)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)思想道德建設(she)，引導廣(guang)大農(nong)(nong)民自覺踐行社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義核心(xin)價值觀，鞏固農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)思想文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)陣地，倡導誠信道德規范。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)傳(chuan)承(cheng)，要堅持保(bao)護傳(chuan)承(cheng)和(he)(he)創(chuang)新發(fa)展(zhan)并舉，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)優秀(xiu)傳(chuan)統文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)創(chuang)造(zao)性轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)、創(chuang)新性發(fa)展(zhan)，重(zhong)塑鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)生態(tai)，發(fa)展(zhan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)特色文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)產業，盤活(huo)特色文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)資源。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)體(ti)系(xi)建設(she)，要增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)優秀(xiu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)產品和(he)(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)供給，保(bao)障農(nong)(nong)民群(qun)眾基本文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)權益，豐富鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)生活(huo)，為廣(guang)大農(nong)(nong)民提供高質量的(de)精神營養。
健(jian)全鄉村治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)體(ti)系(xi)是基礎(chu)。夯(hang)實基層(ceng)基礎(chu)，是固本(ben)之策(ce)。鄉村振興(xing)離不開和諧穩定的社會環(huan)境。健(jian)全鄉村治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)體(ti)系(xi)，首先，要抓住(zhu)農村基層(ceng)黨組織建(jian)設這個“牛鼻子”，健(jian)全組織體(ti)系(xi)，提(ti)升(sheng)組織功能，加(jia)強農村基層(ceng)黨組織對鄉村振興(xing)的全面領導(dao)。其(qi)次(ci)，要創新(xin)鄉村治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)模(mo)式，注(zhu)重現代治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)方(fang)式與(yu)傳(chuan)統(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)資源的融合(he)，深化(hua)村民自治(zhi)(zhi)實踐，推進鄉村法治(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)設，提(ti)升(sheng)鄉村德治(zhi)(zhi)水平，形成自治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)基、法治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)本(ben)、德治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)先的治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)格局。最后(hou)，要推動社會治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)和服(fu)務(wu)重心向基層(ceng)下移，構建(jian)簡約高效的基層(ceng)管理(li)體(ti)制，健(jian)全農村基層(ceng)服(fu)務(wu)體(ti)系(xi)，打(da)造“一門式辦理(li)”“一站式服(fu)務(wu)”的綜合(he)便民服(fu)務(wu)平臺，最大限度方(fang)便群眾(zhong)。
保(bao)(bao)障和改善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)民生是根本。實施(shi)鄉村(cun)(cun)振興戰(zhan)略的(de)(de)出(chu)發(fa)(fa)點(dian)和落腳點(dian)，是讓億萬農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民過上更加美(mei)好的(de)(de)生活。要圍繞農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民群眾最(zui)關心最(zui)直接(jie)最(zui)現(xian)實的(de)(de)利(li)益問題(ti)，抓重點(dian)、補短板、強弱項。一(yi)是把(ba)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)重點(dian)放(fang)在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)，加強道路(lu)、水利(li)、能源，特別(bie)是現(xian)代(dai)物流、信息基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)等建(jian)設(she)(she)，推動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)提檔(dang)升級。二是提升農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)就(jiu)業質(zhi)(zhi)量，健全城鄉均等的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)就(jiu)業服(fu)務體系(xi)，從拓(tuo)展(zhan)外(wai)出(chu)就(jiu)業和就(jiu)地就(jiu)近就(jiu)業兩大(da)空(kong)間(jian)著手，促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)實現(xian)更高質(zhi)(zhi)量和更充(chong)分就(jiu)業。三是繼續把(ba)國家社會(hui)事業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)重點(dian)放(fang)在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)，推動(dong)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)服(fu)務下鄉，優(you)先發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)教育(yu)事業，推進健康鄉村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)，加強農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)障體系(xi)建(jian)設(she)(she)，提升農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)養老服(fu)務能力(li)，增加農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)服(fu)務供(gong)給(gei)。
改革是鄉村振興的重要(yao)法寶
實(shi)施鄉村振興戰略，既要(yao)(yao)把握住工作重點，還要(yao)(yao)用好(hao)科學方法論(lun)，通過深化農村改革，加強組織領導，有序(xu)推進(jin)鄉村振興。
一方面，要深(shen)化農(nong)村(cun)改革，完(wan)善城鄉融(rong)合(he)發(fa)展政策體系。改革是(shi)鄉村(cun)振興(xing)的重要法寶(bao)。盤活農(nong)村(cun)資源要素，激發(fa)廣大農(nong)民積極性和創(chuang)造性，需要全面深(shen)化農(nong)村(cun)改革，抓好(hao)“人、地、錢”等關鍵環節
解(jie)決“人(ren)(ren)(ren)”的問題，關鍵要推動(dong)兩類(lei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在城鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之間雙向自由流動(dong)。一(yi)類(lei)是農(nong)業(ye)(ye)轉移人(ren)(ren)(ren)口。要圍繞推進(jin)市民化，“降(jiang)門檻”，健全(quan)落戶制(zhi)度，讓有(you)意愿、有(you)能力(li)的農(nong)業(ye)(ye)轉移人(ren)(ren)(ren)口在城鎮落戶；“增權益(yi)”，全(quan)面實行居(ju)住證制(zhi)度，保障(zhang)平等享(xiang)受權益(yi)；“強激勵(li)”，通過完善激勵(li)機制(zhi)，調動(dong)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)轉移人(ren)(ren)(ren)口落戶城鎮和地方政府(fu)吸納農(nong)業(ye)(ye)轉移人(ren)(ren)(ren)口落戶“兩個(ge)積(ji)極性”。另一(yi)類(lei)是鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)。要圍繞推動(dong)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)振(zhen)興，既在“育”上(shang)下功夫，培育新型職業(ye)(ye)農(nong)民，加強農(nong)村(cun)專業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)隊伍建設，培養一(yi)大批(pi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)本土人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)；同時還要在“引(yin)”上(shang)做文章(zhang)，建立(li)健全(quan)激勵(li)機制(zhi)，暢通智力(li)、技(ji)術、管理下鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)通道，鼓勵(li)社會人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)投身鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)建設。
解決(jue)“地(di)(di)”的問題，關鍵要深化農村土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)制(zhi)(zhi)度改革，通(tong)過盤(pan)活(huo)存量(liang)、用(yong)好流量(liang)、輔以增量(liang)，激(ji)活(huo)農村土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)資源(yuan)資產。既要健(jian)全農村土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)管理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度，做好基礎性制(zhi)(zhi)度安排，還要在(zai)新增用(yong)地(di)(di)上優先保障，完善農村新增用(yong)地(di)(di)保障機制(zhi)(zhi)，合理(li)安排農業(ye)農村各業(ye)用(yong)地(di)(di)。此外，還要在(zai)存量(liang)建設用(yong)地(di)(di)上下功夫，探索宅基地(di)(di)所有權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、資格權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、使用(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)“三權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)分(fen)置”，加快盤(pan)活(huo)利用(yong)農村存量(liang)建設用(yong)地(di)(di)。
解(jie)決“錢”的問題(ti)，既要有真金白(bai)銀的投(tou)入(ru)，也(ye)要有金融(rong)(rong)活水的支(zhi)持。在這一過程(cheng)中，既要健(jian)全(quan)多(duo)元投(tou)入(ru)保(bao)障機制，加(jia)大對鄉(xiang)村(cun)重點領域和薄弱環節的支(zhi)持，還要加(jia)大金融(rong)(rong)支(zhi)農(nong)力度(du)，健(jian)全(quan)適合農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村(cun)特點的農(nong)村(cun)金融(rong)(rong)體系(xi)，完(wan)善(shan)金融(rong)(rong)支(zhi)農(nong)組織(zhi)體系(xi)，推動農(nong)村(cun)金融(rong)(rong)機構(gou)回歸本(ben)源(yuan)。
另一方面(mian)，要(yao)加強(qiang)(qiang)組(zu)織領導，有(you)序實(shi)現鄉村振興(xing)。確保《鄉村振興(xing)戰略規劃（2018—2022年）》落(luo)實(shi)落(luo)地，需要(yao)建(jian)立(li)健全工作(zuo)機(ji)制，壓實(shi)責任(ren)、凝(ning)聚合力(li)。要(yao)加強(qiang)(qiang)組(zu)織領導，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)黨組(zu)織的(de)(de)核心領導作(zuo)用，落(luo)實(shi)各方責任(ren)。要(yao)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)法治保障，把(ba)行之有(you)效的(de)(de)鄉村振興(xing)政策法定化(hua)，運用法治思維(wei)和法治方式(shi)推進(jin)鄉村振興(xing)工作(zuo)。要(yao)積(ji)極動員社會參(can)與(yu)，構建(jian)政府(fu)、市場、社會協同推進(jin)的(de)(de)鄉村振興(xing)參(can)與(yu)機(ji)制，凝(ning)聚全社會力(li)量。
總之，鄉村振興既是一場攻堅戰，也是一場持久戰，需要明確的路線圖來保障規劃實施。從黨的十九大到黨的二十大，是“兩個一百年”奮斗目標的歷史交會期。我們要準確聚焦階段任務，突出重點、有序推進，同時，還要科學把握節奏和力度，既盡力而為，又量力而行，因勢利導、分步實施。此外，全國鄉村之間的差異較大，鄉村振興不能搞齊步走，要分類梯次推進，推動不同地區、不同發展階段的鄉村有序實現農業農村現代化。
