張曉強：加快推動氫能產業高質量發展
來源：高新院 vwcr.cn 日期：2024-10-18 點擊：次
張曉強
2024年10月18日
為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)有效應(ying)(ying)對全(quan)球氣候變(bian)化(hua)，保障(zhang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安全(quan)，黨(dang)的(de)(de)二十大(da)報告提出(chu)積極(ji)穩妥(tuo)推(tui)進碳(tan)(tan)達峰碳(tan)(tan)中和。要(yao)(yao)立足我國能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)資源(yuan)稟賦，堅(jian)持先立后破(po)，有計劃(hua)分步驟，實施碳(tan)(tan)達峰行(xing)動，積極(ji)參(can)與(yu)應(ying)(ying)對氣候變(bian)化(hua)全(quan)球治理。黨(dang)的(de)(de)二十大(da)首次提出(chu)加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)規(gui)劃(hua)建(jian)(jian)設新(xin)型(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，這是關(guan)系(xi)國家安全(quan)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)全(quan)局性戰略問題。全(quan)球能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供需格(ge)局正在深(shen)刻調整(zheng)，綠色(se)低(di)碳(tan)(tan)發(fa)(fa)展成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)勢所趨。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)規(gui)劃(hua)建(jian)(jian)設新(xin)型(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，要(yao)(yao)逐步建(jian)(jian)立以科技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)引領，體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)改革為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)動力，安全(quan)充裕為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)條件(jian)，經濟(ji)可行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎，以非(fei)化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)供應(ying)(ying)主體(ti)(ti)，化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兜(dou)底(di)保障(zhang)，新(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)力系(xi)統為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)關(guan)鍵(jian)支(zhi)撐，綠色(se)智慧節約(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)導向的(de)(de)清潔低(di)碳(tan)(tan)安全(quan)高(gao)效的(de)(de)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)清潔高(gao)效的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)生(sheng)產體(ti)(ti)系(xi)要(yao)(yao)大(da)力發(fa)(fa)展風(feng)電(dian)和太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)，同(tong)時(shi)也要(yao)(yao)科學有序地(di)發(fa)(fa)展氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，重(zhong)點(dian)是發(fa)(fa)展可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)制(zhi)氫(qing)，要(yao)(yao)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)低(di)成(cheng)本多元技(ji)術體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，要(yao)(yao)探(tan)索建(jian)(jian)立風(feng)光氫(qing)氨醇一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)基(ji)地(di)，拓(tuo)展氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)多元化(hua)應(ying)(ying)用場景。
綠(lv)(lv)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)成(cheng)為(wei)全(quan)(quan)(quan)球謀(mou)求能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)經濟(ji)低碳轉型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要選(xuan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。歐盟將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作為(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉型和(he)深度脫碳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要抓手。在(zai)去年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歐盟委員會發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歐洲(zhou)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銀行戰略政策文件中(zhong)(zhong)提出(chu),到(dao)2030年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)綠(lv)(lv)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)提升至(zhi)1,000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)，并(bing)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)從域(yu)外國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)進口(kou)1,000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)綠(lv)(lv)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。日本將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)構建(jian)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)社會作為(wei)終極發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)目(mu)標，以(yi)(yi)保(bao)(bao)障能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)為(wei)驅動(dong)，推動(dong)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)多領域(yu)滲透應(ying)用。沙特等中(zhong)(zhong)東可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)資源(yuan)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)也在(zai)充分發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮自身(shen)優勢，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)綠(lv)(lv)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)綠(lv)(lv)氨(an)出(chu)口(kou)作為(wei)未來(lai)取(qu)代傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)化石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)出(chu)口(kou)實現經濟(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要途徑。例(li)如(ru)作為(wei)沙特2030愿景的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旗艦(jian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，新未來(lai)城綠(lv)(lv)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)是全(quan)(quan)(quan)球產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)最(zui)大完全(quan)(quan)(quan)由可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)驅動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)之一。投(tou)產(chan)后(hou)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)可(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)綠(lv)(lv)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)約20萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)署(shu)預測，到(dao)2050年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)球能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)使用量(liang)(liang)12%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)需(xu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)目(mu)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平增(zeng)加5倍(bei)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池及汽車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)進入快速成(cheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新時期(qi)(qi)。截至(zhi)2023 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底，全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)相關政策超(chao)過(guo)900項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，其中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)層面(mian)有(you)(you)150多項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)20多個省區市發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)了促進氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)或燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關文件。據(ju)不完全(quan)(quan)(quan)統(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)，至(zhi)2023年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)末(mo)建(jian)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)(lv)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)產(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)為(wei)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)。各地規(gui)(gui)劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池車(che)(che)至(zhi)2025年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)保(bao)(bao)有(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)超(chao)過(guo)10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)輛(liang)，是國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)預期(qi)(qi)目(mu)標5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)輛(liang)左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)。在(zai)核心關鍵技術攻關, 規(gui)(gui)模(mo)化生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)，多場景應(ying)用等方面(mian)都(dou)取(qu)得了重(zhong)要成(cheng)績(ji)。目(mu)前世界(jie)(jie)單體規(gui)(gui)模(mo)最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)化庫車(che)(che)綠(lv)(lv)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)產(chan)線已建(jian)成(cheng)。中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)化烏(wu)蘭察布(bu)綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)制綠(lv)(lv)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)己列入國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)大清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)工(gong)程。綠(lv)(lv)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)長(chang)距(ju)離(li)管輸至(zhi)北京、天津和(he)石(shi)家(jia)莊(zhuang);在(zai)關鍵核心技術攻關、標準制定(ding)、施工(gong)方案等方面(mian)都(dou)取(qu)得重(zhong)要進展(zhan)。項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)一期(qi)(qi)按(an)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan) 10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)，力(li)爭今(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內開(kai)工(gong)、2027年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)成(cheng)。下一步(bu)(bu)(bu)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)考慮提升至(zhi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)30萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)乃(nai)至(zhi)50萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)。這是世界(jie)(jie)范圍內目(mu)前規(gui)(gui)模(mo)最(zui)大水(shui)平最(zui)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)(lv)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，如(ru)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)按(an)期(qi)(qi)建(jian)成(cheng)，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)對我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)(lv)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)乃(nai)至(zhi)世界(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)(lv)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)重(zhong)大積(ji)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池車(che)(che)近(jin)幾年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)不斷(duan)增(zeng)長(chang)，2023年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池車(che)(che)銷售5800輛(liang)、比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)72%，其中(zhong)(zhong)燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池重(zhong)卡車(che)(che)銷售 3653 輛(liang)、同比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長(chang) 48.2%，占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)部(bu)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)重(zhong)卡車(che)(che)銷量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，創歷史新高(gao)。今(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1-9月我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池汽車(che)(che)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)近(jin)4200輛(liang)、同比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)加41%。在(zai)以(yi)(yi)商(shang)用車(che)(che)為(wei)重(zhong)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，綠(lv)(lv)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)及工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)副產(chan)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)在(zai)船舶石(shi)化化工(gong)冶金電(dian)力(li)等行業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用也在(zai)推進，氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)高(gao)速公(gong)路等模(mo)式創新在(zai)積(ji)極探索(suo)。至(zhi)今(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月末(mo)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)累計(ji)(ji)建(jian)成(cheng)加氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)站456座(zuo)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)球占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)36.1%，居世界(jie)(jie)之首。目(mu)前我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)己初(chu)步(bu)(bu)(bu)構建(jian)了從基礎(chu)研究、工(gong)程應(ying)用到(dao)示范推廣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)格局，相關企業(ye)(ye)(ye)超(chao)過(guo)8000家(jia)。初(chu)步(bu)(bu)(bu)形成(cheng)了涵蓋制氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)儲氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)運氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)加氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)整車(che)(che)應(ying)用等全(quan)(quan)(quan)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體系。今(jin)后(hou)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)成(cheng)為(wei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)值過(guo)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)億元的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要新興產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。
我(wo)們在氫能關(guan)鍵(jian)核心技術的(de)(de)創新攻關(guan)方(fang)面也不(bu)斷(duan)取得進(jin)展。從電(dian)(dian)解槽、運氫裝備(bei)、儲能電(dian)(dian)池，到(dao)質子膜、重(zhong)金屬催化劑用量、電(dian)(dian)堆單(dan)位(wei)功(gong)率密度以(yi)及(ji)泵、閥(fa)多項重(zhong)要(yao)技術方(fang)面都有喜人的(de)(de)進(jin)展。例如，電(dian)(dian)堆功(gong)率密度從2020年(nian)前的(de)(de)50千瓦(wa)(wa)/公斤提高到(dao)2023年(nian)的(de)(de)100千瓦(wa)(wa);2023年(nian)燃料電(dian)(dian)池系統(tong)的(de)(de)千瓦(wa)(wa)成(cheng)本已從2020年(nian)之(zhi)前的(de)(de)15000元千瓦(wa)(wa)降(jiang)低到(dao)3000元，降(jiang)幅達 80%。
在今年3月李強總理的政府工作報告中提出，積極培育新興產業和未來產業，促進戰略性新興產業融合(he)集群(qun)發展(zhan)(zhan)，加(jia)快前沿(yan)新(xin)興氫(qing)能等產業發展(zhan)(zhan)。而近年來(lai)以風電(dian)光電(dian)為核心的(de)我國(guo)(guo)新(xin)型能源體(ti)系建設取得重(zhong)大成績，為氫(qing)能產業高(gao)質(zhi)量發展(zhan)(zhan)創造(zao)了非常有利(li)發條件。到(dao)(dao)今(jin)年7月底(di)我國(guo)(guo)風電(dian)光伏裝(zhuang)機已達11.8億(yi)千瓦(wa)，歷史性的(de)超過了煤(mei)電(dian) 11.7億(yi)千瓦(wa)，預(yu)計到(dao)(dao)2030年我國(guo)(guo)風電(dian)光伏裝(zhuang)機將(jiang)達約26億(yi)千瓦(wa)，占全國(guo)(guo)電(dian)力裝(zhuang)機的(de)55%以上(shang)，發電(dian)量達全國(guo)(guo)發電(dian)量約14萬億(yi)千瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)的(de)40%以上(shang)。我們要(yao)充分(fen)(fen)利(li)用有利(li)條件乘勢而上(shang)。在充分(fen)(fen)肯定成績、看(kan)到(dao)(dao)機遇的(de)同時(shi)(shi)，也應清醒地(di)看(kan)到(dao)(dao)氫(qing)能產業高(gao)質(zhi)量發展(zhan)(zhan)所面對(dui)的(de)挑戰。我體(ti)會(hui)在五個(ge)方面要(yao)做出更大的(de)努力。
第一(yi)，提(ti)升氫能產(chan)業(ye)創新發展能力。我們在全鏈條(tiao)多項核心關鍵技術方(fang)(fang)面(mian)與國(guo)際先進水平相(xiang)比(bi)仍(reng)有(you)較大差距，包括(kuo)質子交換膜，45 兆(zhao)帕及(ji)以上運輸(shu)和加氫以及(ji)固態、液態氫等(deng)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)仍(reng)有(you)很多技術難題。這(zhe)使(shi)得氫能產(chan)業(ye)的成本居高不(bu)下，競(jing)爭(zheng)力不(bu)強。應認(ren)真總結(jie)我國(guo)5G、新能源汽車等(deng)產(chan)業(ye)發展在產(chan)業(ye)與科技創新方(fang)(fang)面(mian)既競(jing)爭(zheng)更合(he)作，充分(fen)發揮新型舉國(guo)體制優(you)勢，產(chan)學研(yan)用相(xiang)結(jie)合(he)，最終走在世界(jie)最先進行列(lie)的成功(gong)經驗。
第(di)二，大(da)力(li)(li)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)消納(na)。我(wo)(wo)國(guo)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)近幾年取得(de)長(chang)(chang)足進(jin)展(zhan)(zhan)，有(you)利(li)于(yu)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色低(di)碳轉型(xing)和(he)“雙碳”目(mu)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)實現(xian)。在有(you)效推(tui)(tui)進(jin)分(fen)布式光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)建(jian)(jian)設和(he)利(li)用的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)，需要(yao)(yao)高(gao)度重視的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)光(guang)伏(fu)裝機大(da)基(ji)地發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)最(zui)快、發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)潛力(li)(li)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)西北(bei)及(ji)內蒙。今年7月末內蒙風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)光(guang)伏(fu)裝機超(chao)過(guo)1億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦、新(xin)疆超(chao)過(guo) 8,000 萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦，分(fen)居全(quan)國(guo)第(di)一第(di)二位。要(yao)(yao)結合(he)建(jian)(jian)設現(xian)代化產(chan)業體(ti)系(xi)提(ti)升新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源本地消納(na)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)對(dui)把(ba)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色能(neng)(neng)源遠距離送(song)到(dao)中(zhong)東(dong)部負荷中(zhong)心更需要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)大(da)量工作。對(dui)特高(gao)壓(ya)輸(shu)(shu)變電(dian)要(yao)(yao)科學規(gui)劃、積極建(jian)(jian)設; 對(dui)管道(dao)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)氫(qing)(qing)或甲醇，包(bao)括建(jian)(jian)長(chang)(chang)輸(shu)(shu)管線或將(jiang)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)氫(qing)(qing)摻入天然氣管道(dao)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)也要(yao)(yao)下(xia)大(da)力(li)(li)氣解決好。在風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)光(guang)伏(fu)這種穩定性(xing)弱的(de)(de)(de)可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源大(da)規(gui)模(mo)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)必須加(jia)大(da)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設力(li)(li)度。據國(guo)家能(neng)(neng)源局數據，到(dao)今年上半年全(quan)國(guo)已建(jian)(jian)成投運(yun)新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)項目(mu)累計裝機4,444萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦/9,906萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)(shi),較去年同(tong)(tong)期增長(chang)(chang)超(chao)過(guo)40%。預計到(dao)2025年末，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)以儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池為主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)累計裝機將(jiang)達約8,000萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦。這既對(dui)發(fa)揮氫(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)優(you)勢創造了有(you)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)也要(yao)(yao)求我(wo)(wo)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)氫(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)及(ji)動力(li)(li)電(dian)池儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)等要(yao)(yao)科學有(you)序的(de)(de)(de)做(zuo)好規(gui)劃和(he)建(jian)(jian)設工作。
第三，建(jian)設高水平氫能基(ji)礎設施(shi)。在管道(dao)、氫氣儲(chu)運(yun)、高壓(ya)快速加(jia)氫站(zhan)等(deng)方面都需要做出更(geng)大(da)的(de)努力(li)，標準體系建(jian)設還(huan)要做大(da)量工作(zuo)。例如，至2023年底(di)，我國(guo)己發布氫能相關(guan)國(guo)家標準110項(xiang)。但在標準制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)過程中，還(huan)是大(da)量參考和引用國(guo)外標準，而且參與制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)的(de)國(guo)際(ji)標準數量較少。對加(jia)氫站(zhan)等(deng)基(ji)礎設施(shi)要以地方政府為主，完善審批(pi)管理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度。在允許制(zhi)(zhi)氫加(jia)氫一(yi)(yi)體站(zhan)不(bu)再限于化工園區(qu)的(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)，廣(guang)東(dong)、河北、山東(dong)、吉林等(deng)均已(yi)發文明確允許在非化工園區(qu)建(jian)設制(zhi)(zhi)氫加(jia)氫一(yi)(yi)體站(zhan)，對氫能的(de)安全(quan)規范管理(li)要更(geng)加(jia)關(guan)注。
第(di)四，進一(yi)步完善政(zheng)策體系。在科研經費(fei)、財稅、金(jin)融、保險，首臺套氫(qing)(qing)能重(zhong)大技術裝備推(tui)廣應(ying)用等方面要積極(ji)做好工作。以財政(zheng)政(zheng)策為例，從中央到(dao)地(di)方，這些年對(dui)氫(qing)(qing)能特別(bie)是燃料(liao)電池(chi)及(ji)車輛給予(yu)了有力的財政(zheng)支(zhi)持，涉及(ji)研發、人才激勵、購車、建加氫(qing)(qing)站(zhan)、氫(qing)(qing)燃料(liao)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)和產業(ye)園(yuan)區建設。但產業(ye)要實現可持續發展(zhan)不能長期(qi)依賴過(guo)度的財政(zheng)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)，相關(guan)支(zhi)持補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)政(zheng)策也要不斷完善。
第五，在以(yi)燃料電池商用(yong)車為重(zhong)點、突(tu)出重(zhong)卡的(de)(de)(de)同時，積(ji)(ji)極(ji)拓展多(duo)場(chang)景應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)。到2030年(nian)我(wo)國綠(lv)(lv)(lv)氫有可(ke)能(neng)達(da)到400萬噸(dun)甚至更多(duo)。從我(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)源(yuan)消費結(jie)構看，工(gong)業占(zhan)比最高。2022 年(nian)消費總量54.1噸(dun)標(biao)準煤，其中工(gong)業36.4億噸(dun)、占(zhan)比67%;交通運(yun)輸4億噸(dun)、占(zhan)比7.4%。工(gong)業中的(de)(de)(de)鋼鐵(tie)石(shi)化(hua)化(hua)工(gong)等都是(shi)大(da)(da)量用(yong)氫的(de)(de)(de)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)積(ji)(ji)極(ji)開拓綠(lv)(lv)(lv)氫替(ti)換灰氫或(huo)藍氫的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)場(chang)景。目前(qian)在綠(lv)(lv)(lv)氫制合成氨(an)等領域(yu)已(yi)取得工(gong)程化(hua)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)重(zhong)要進展，一批可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)制氫化(hua)工(gong)項目相繼建(jian)設(she)投(tou)產(chan)，氣(qi)電摻(chan)氫和煤電摻(chan)氨(an)研發進展迅(xun)速。與此同時，在堅持綠(lv)(lv)(lv)氫為主方(fang)向堅定不移的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提(ti)下，鑒于我(wo)國是(shi)世界最大(da)(da)制氫國，年(nian)制氫產(chan)量約(yue)3600萬噸(dun)，其中達(da)到工(gong)業氫氣(qi)質量標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)約(yue)1200萬噸(dun)。在保證工(gong)業生(sheng)產(chan)正(zheng)常(chang)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提(ti)下，對現有工(gong)業副產(chan)氫規模化(hua)提(ti)純與應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)也應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)積(ji)(ji)極(ji)支持有條件的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)做好。
